Nuclear testing at Mururoa and Fangataufa


11 Jan 2000 [ABC radio], French withdraw from Mururoa

After 37 years, a French army regiment is withdrawing from two South Pacific atolls used for nuclear testing.
The commander of the French forces in Polynesia, Admiral Jean Moulin, says the forces of the 5th Foreign Regiment are leaving Mururoa and Fangataufa atolls ahead of the regiment's dissolution in August. The two atolls were used for nuclear testing from 1963 until 1996. After the suspension of French nuclear tests, work was started on dismantling the nuclear test bases.
Admiral Moulin says the atolls remain the property of the French Government, but from now on the Polynesian naval infantry will be responsible for security.

The Mururoa Exclusion Zone by Donald R. Rothwell

Whether coastal states have the capacity to declare maritime security or exclusion zones has been the subject of debate during the twentieth century. While the establishment of military exclusion zones at sea has been a relatively common practice during time of armed conflict, some states within the Asia Pacific have proclaimed such zones during peacetime. In some cases, declaration of these zones has primarily involved placing limitations upon navigation by warships. In other instances, claims by states to historic waters have had the effect of extending state sovereignty over internal waters and thereby restricting navigation rights.
France admits fractures in nuked atolls (ABC radio, 5 May 1999)
France has admitted for first time that fractures have a been found in the coral cones at the Moruroa and Fangataufa nuclear testing sites in French Polynesia.
Environmental groups and critics of France's nuclear testing program had made the claim for several years, although France had always denied it.
But the new director of France's Atomic Energy Commission, Rene Pellat, has told a news conference in Tahiti that there are fractures within the atolls.
The editor of Tahiti Pacifique, Alex Duprel, says Mr Pellat made the admission after inspecting the site last week.
"So he also admitted that there were actually fractures in the coral cone of the atoll," he said.
"People who had been there...had seen these faults in the coral cone, which were due to settlement of the underground explosion which were within the basalt mass.
"But it's mostly a collapsing of the chimneys and one part of the coral cone had actually broken away."

Calls for monitoring of French nuclear test sites (21 Feb 1999) [From ABC radio]

Sites used for French nuclear tests in the South Pacific for three decades are contaminated and should be watched closely, an independent French report has found. The examination by the French Commission contradicts results published last June by the International Atomic Energy Agency. That 2,000 page report said the tests had had "no radiological health effects" and little significant environmental impact on the Fangataufa and Mururoa atolls. But the new report by an independent French laboratory says radioactivity is leaking into the water table, lagoons and ocean. Over a 30-year period, France carried out 193 atmospheric and underground tests in the area. They were finally stopped in January 1996, after increasing protests by New Zealand, Australia, Japan and Indonesia.
[See http://www.anu.edu.au/law/pub/icl/lawofsea/mururoa.html]

22 Feb 1999, Mururoa 'should be watched'

Sites used for French nuclear tests in the South Pacific for three decades were contaminated and should be watched closely, an independent French commission said in a report released on Saturday.
The examination by the Independent Research and Information Commission on Radioactivity (CRII-RAD) contests results published last June by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
[Full Story].

THE RADIOLOGICAL SITUATION AT THE ATOLLS OF MURUROA AND FANGATAUFA [October 1998]

The Study of the Radiological Situation at the Atolls of Mururoa and Fangataufa was conducted at the request of the Government of France to determine whether, as a consequence of French nuclear tests conducted above and beneath these atolls, radiological hazards could arise, now or in the future; and to recommend the form, scale and duration of any monitoring, remedial action or follow-up action that might be required.
[Full Text].

Further probe expected into French nuke testing (23 Aug 1998) [From ABC radio]

The South Pacific Forum is expected to call for further investigation of the impact of French nuclear testing in the Pacific. Forum member nations meeting in Micronesia say a recent international atomic energy agency report on the issue leaves crucial questions unanswered. The report was discussed by forum officials as they prepare the agenda for Monday's summit of Pacific leaders. France commissioned the atomic energy agency study of its former Pacific nuclear test sites which was limited to the current levels of radio activity at Mururoa and Fungatafa Atolls. The study said there are no risks currently posed to human health but critics say the focus of the report was too narrow and that it ignored evidence of disease and birth defects linked to nuclear testing. The forum leaders summit is expected to call for more detailed investigation of the health consequences of 30 years of nuclear testing and for an examination of issues such as compensation. Climate change and an Australian proposal for a ban on whaling in the South Pacific were also discussed at yesterday's meeting.

French researcher says slight cancer increase near Mururoa Atoll (31 Jul 1998) [From ABC radio]

French medical researchers have found a slight increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in people born near Muroroa Atoll, which they say needs ongoing study. Muroroa Atoll was one of the sites of French nuclear tests conducted in 1995. There is no evidence that atmospheric nuclear tests led to increased cancer rates in French Polynesia as a whole, but a small part of the population may have been affected. The French army has released a study which shows no link between above ground tests and cancer rates across the whole French Polynesian population. However Florent de Vathaire, an epidemiologist who led the study says in a small part of the population, born during the test period within 500 kilometres of the nuclear test site, there has been a slight increase in thyroid cancer. He says the numbers are not statistically significant but should continue to be studied as the population gets older.

Radiological Study of Mururoa and Fangataufa Atolls Nears Completion

[From IAEA Newsbriefs, V13 No 1 Jan/Feb 1998]
The International Advisory Committee (IAC) on the Study of the Radiological Conditions at the Atolls of Mururoa and Fangataufa held its third and final meeting in early February, adopting a report of the study's findings. The comprehensive, five-volume report is being finalized for release and presentation in the South Pacific region in the spring.

The study was launched in 1996 under the guidance and direction of the IAC, which is chaired by Ms. Gail de Planque of the United States. The Committee includes distinguished scientists from ten countries and ex officio representatives of the South Pacific Forum, the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, the World Health Organization, and the European Commission.

Requested by the Government of France, the study is being coordinated by the IAEA and has involved directly 55 scientists from 22 different countries. Altogether 17 laboratories in 12 as well as the IAEA's Seibersdorf Laboratories in Austria and its Marine Environment Laboratory in participated in analyses of environmental samples that were independently collected during a sampling and surveillance campaign in July 1996.

Results of the study will be presented and discussed at the IAEA's International Conference on the Radiological Situation at the Atolls of Mururoa and Fangataufa being convened in Vienna from 30 June to 3 July 1998. The purpose of the conference is to allow the scientific bases of the study to be examined, and to stimulate discussion of the radiation protection principles governing the evaluation of remediation of former nuclear sites More information may be obtained from the IAEA Department of Nuclear Safety.

[See the preliminary findings. The main points regarding contamination are:

  1. several kilograms of plutonium resulting from four early atmospheric tests remain in the lagoon sediments of each atoll;
  2. leakage from some underground test cavities has resulted in tritium concentrations in both lagoons which are some ten times higher than in the open ocean;
  3. particles containing plutonium remain in a small, low-lying area in the islets of Colette, Ariel and Vesta at Mururoa Atoll where the five atmospheric "safety trials" were conducted; and
  4. higher levels of caesium-137, than are found elsewhere on the atolls were found in small patches covering several hectares in the Kilo-Empereur region on the north-eastern rim of Fangataufa, windward of a site where a surface level test was conducted in 1966.
The report indicates that He-3, Pu-239, Pu-240 will continue to "migrate" into the lagoons from the underground sites, decreasing in the short term (100 years) to pre-test levels, but tending to increase in a few thousand years. It says the total amount of radioactive material in the test sites represents about 2% of the total waste produced by all nuclear weapons tests. (The Brookings Institution estimated the rad waste produced by American tests alone represents 100s of millions of tonnes, however).
None of the contaminants is said to be in levels that would have any significant consequence from the point of view of radiation safety.
The study also looked at "disruptive events" such as under-sea rock-slide or other geological activity, and concludes Pu levels might rise above present levels in such circumstances. It concludes that the probability of human health effects for visitors to the former test sites is "very low and the overall probability of ultimately incurring serious health consequences as a result for such an individual was estimated to be negligible, less than one in one million per year". The most likely additional radiation dose, even in the unlikely event people take up residence on the atolls and live from local produce is said to be only a few percent of average natural background radiation].

International Conference on the Radiological Situation at the Atolls of Mururoa and Fangataufa Vienna, Austria, 30 June -- 3 July 1998 [2nd announcement]
The IAEA is convening an international Conference on the Radiological Situation at the Atolls of Mururoa and Fangataufa where the results of the Study will be presented and discussed by the scientific community. The purpose of the Conference is to allow the scientific bases of the Study to be examined, and to stimulate discussion of the radiation protection principles governing the evaluation or remediation of former nuclear sites.
[See also the preliminary program ].

Study announcement
The objectives of the Study of the Radiological Situation at the Atolls of Mururoa and Fangataufa are to "assess the radiological situation (both present and future) at the atolls and involved areas from the point of view of radiological safety", "ascertain whether there are any radiological hazards to people", and make "recommendations on the form, scale and duration of any monitoring, remedial action or other follow-up action that might be required".

Mururoa in the news
Daily Press monitoring at the IAEA.

Case T-219/95 R
Nuclear tests conducted by a Member State - Application for interim relief - Article 34 of the EAEC Treaty - Application for suspension of the operation of a Commission decision regarding nuclear tests

The Impact of Nuclear Testing at Mururoa and Fangataufa
The Minister for the Environment, Senator John Faulkner, today [16 Aug 1995] released a report by a high level scientific group on the impacts of nuclear testing at Mururoa and Fangataufa atolls in French Polynesia.

ratical FOCUS-ON-NUKES news posting "service"
French nuclear testing &ct from ratical.com.

Study of the Radiological Situation at the Atolls of Mururoa and Fangataufa
Home Page on the study announced by the IAEA.
[As of Nov 1997, the last entry is dated 6 Aug 1996 -- 5 months after the study was originally announced]

IAEA Newsbriefs Volume 11, Number 2 (71) APRIL/MAY 1996

Radiological Study of Mururoa and Fangataufa Atolls

International Radiological Survey of Mururoa and Fangataufa Atolls gets Underway

International Scientific Teams Complete Sample-Taking at Mururoa and Fangataufa Atolls

Volcanologist says France's N-test site is unstable

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